Buying History: Understanding trade goods
Introduction to Chinese and Japanese Export Wares
Chinese and Japanese export wares have a long and rich history, representing the vibrant cultural exchange and trade between these two nations and the rest of the world. These exquisite ceramics were specifically created for export, showcasing the exceptional craftsmanship, distinct styles, and unique artistic expressions of both Chinese and Japanese artisans. In this introduction, we will explore several prominent categories of Chinese and Japanese export wares, including Satsuma, Imari, Nanking wares, Banko wares, Sumido wares, Raak porcelain, Swatow ware, Transitional porcelain, Armorial porcelain, and Canton wares.
Satsuma
Satsuma ware, originating in the Satsuma domain of Kyushu, Japan, gained popularity as an export ware during the late 19th century.
Although technically Japanese, Satsuma wares were heavily influenced by Chinese ceramics. These wares are renowned for their distinctive ivory-coloured crackled glaze, often adorned with intricate hand-painted scenes, landscapes, or figural motifs in vibrant enamels and gold. Satsuma wares have captivated collectors worldwide with their exotic appeal and meticulous craftsmanship.
Imari
Imari ware, named after the Japanese port from which it was shipped, has its roots in the Arita kilns of Japan.
Imari wares gained immense popularity in the late 17th century and were exported to various markets, including Europe and the Americas. Influenced by Chinese underglaze blue and white ceramics, Imari wares feature a vibrant colour palette of underglaze blue, red, and gold, often adorned with intricate designs of flowers, birds, and landscapes. The fusion of Japanese and Chinese aesthetics makes Imari wares highly sought after and cherished by collectors.
Nanking Wares
Nanking wares, also known as Nanking Cargo or Nanking Blue, were produced in China during the late 18th century. These wares were predominantly exported to Europe during the Qing dynasty. Nanking wares are characterized by their blue and white decoration, featuring intricate patterns such as floral motifs, landscapes, and traditional Chinese symbols. The deep cobalt blue pigment used in Nanking wares imparts a distinctive and elegant aesthetic. Highly esteemed for their quality craftsmanship, Nanking wares continue to captivate collectors with their timeless beauty.
Banko Wares
Banko wares originated in the Mie Prefecture of Japan during the late 19th century. These ceramics were primarily exported to Western markets. Banko wares are known for their rich earthy colours, often achieved through the use of iron-rich clay. These ceramics showcase a variety of forms, including teapots, vases, and figurines. Banko wares are highly regarded for their intricate detailing and expressive designs, capturing the essence of Japanese artistry.
Sumido Wares
Sumido wares, also known as Sumida ware, emerged in the late 19th century in Japan. These ceramics were primarily created for export, especially to the Western market. Sumido wares are characterized by their distinctive textured surfaces, achieved through techniques such as incising and the application of coloured slips. These wares often depict whimsical and narrative scenes, featuring figures and landscapes with a touch of humor. Sumido wares continue to charm collectors with their unique and playful style.
Raak Porcelain
Raak porcelain, produced in Arita, Japan, during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, was specifically crafted for export to Southeast Asia. These wares feature a delicate and refined style, often incorporating elements of Chinese export porcelain. Raak porcelain is known for its cobalt blue underglaze decoration, depicting intricate designs of landscapes, figures, and flora. These exquisite ceramics demonstrate the cross-cultural influences between Japan and Southeast Asia, making them highly sought after by collectors.
Swatow Ware
Swatow ware, also known as Zhangzhou ware, was produced in the Fujian province of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. These ceramics were primarily exported to Southeast Asia, particularly during the 16th and 17th centuries. Swatow ware showcases a unique fusion of Chinese and Southeast Asian aesthetics, featuring vibrant polychrome enamel decoration with motifs such as dragons, phoenixes, and auspicious symbols. Swatow ware stands as a testament to the cultural exchange and trade between China and Southeast Asia.
Transitional Porcelain
Transitional porcelain was produced during the late Ming dynasty in China, specifically during the Wanli and Tianqi periods. These ceramics mark the transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties. Transitional porcelain showcases a captivating blend of traditional Chinese motifs, such as dragons and floral patterns, with the emerging influences of Western aesthetics, including motifs inspired by European prints. The distinctive charm of transitional porcelain lies in its ability to bridge the gap between two significant periods in Chinese ceramic history.
Armorial Porcelain
Armorial porcelain refers to Chinese export wares that were specially commissioned by European nobility and gentry, featuring coats of arms, family crests, and other heraldic designs. Produced during the 17th and 18th centuries, these ceramics played a significant role in diplomatic and trade relations between China and Europe. Armorial porcelain showcases exquisite hand-painted detail, often incorporating gilded accents. These wares are treasured for their historical significance and the personal narratives they represent.
Canton Wares
Canton wares, also known as Canton Blue and White or Chinese Export Blue and White, were produced in the region of Canton (now Guangzhou) in China during the 18th and 19th centuries. These wares were primarily made for export to Western markets, particularly Europe and the United States.
Canton wares feature intricate hand-painted blue designs on a white background, often depicting scenes of Chinese landscapes, figures, and buildings. The elaborate patterns and storytelling elements of Canton wares captured the imaginations of collectors, making them highly desirable and popular during their time.
In conclusion, the world of Chinese and Japanese export wares is a testament to the artistic ingenuity, cultural exchange, and global trade that defined centuries of history. Each category of wares, such as Satsuma, Imari, Nanking wares, Banko wares, Sumido wares, Raak porcelain, Swatow ware, Transitional porcelain, Armorial porcelain, and Canton wares, brings a unique blend of aesthetics, craftsmanship, and historical significance. These wares continue to fascinate collectors and enthusiasts worldwide, providing a window into the rich artistic traditions and cross-cultural interactions that have shaped the world of ceramics.
